Which of the following best defines "digital forensics" in the context of archives?

Digital forensics in the context of archives refers to the techniques used to recover and investigate digital data to determine its authenticity and integrity. This involves analyzing digital evidence, such as files, emails, and other digital artifacts, to ensure that they have not been altered or tampered with, and to verify their origin. Digital forensics plays a crucial role in managing digital records, especially in tracking the history and changes made to archival materials, thereby maintaining a reliable historical record.

This process is fundamental for archivists who work with digital collections, as it ensures that the integrity of the documents is preserved. It encompasses a range of procedures and methodologies aimed at validating the authenticity of digital materials, which is vital for legal and historical contexts.

In contrast, the other options do not adequately capture the scope of digital forensics. Collecting and preserving physical documents focus more on traditional archival practices, while categorization of materials by subject relates to organizing resources. Digitization processes involve converting analog materials into digital formats, which does not encompass the investigative aspect of digital forensics.