Which of the following can be considered fixity information?

Fixity information refers to data that supports the integrity and authenticity of digital objects by allowing verification that they remain unchanged over time. Checksums serve this purpose as they are cryptographic or algorithmic values generated based on the contents of a file. When a file is created, a checksum is generated and can later be compared to verify that the file has not been altered. If the checksum matches in subsequent checks, it indicates that the file’s content has remained intact, confirming its fixity.

File metadata, while useful for describing the file and its characteristics, does not specifically provide ongoing validation of the file's content integrity. File size can give some information regarding the file’s potential for change, but it does not directly confirm whether the file has been altered. Access permissions inform users about who can interact with a file but do not provide any assurance regarding the file's integrity over time. Therefore, among the options given, checksums specifically serve as a mechanism for fixity information.